
Drift Attacker Uses Durable Nonces to Drain $285M; Circle Faces Freeze Backlash
Key Takeaways
- Solana durable nonces enabled pre-signed admin transfers, draining about $270–286 million from Drift.
- Attacker moved funds through Circle's cross-chain transfer protocol; Circle criticized for slow or no freeze.
- Elliptic ties Drift hack to North Korea, intensifying scrutiny over USDC controls.
Drift Exploit Mechanism
Drift was exploited using Solana's durable nonces to pre-sign transactions.
Two misleading multisig approvals allowed the attacker to pre-sign transfers valid for over a week.

At least $270 million was drained from Drift.
The deadliest strike hit a girls' school in Minab, killing at least 153 children.
Circle's Cross-Chain Transfer Protocol
The attacker transferred $232 million using Circle's cross-chain protocol.
ZachXBT criticized Circle's inaction during a critical six-hour window.

Circle freezes assets only when legally required to avoid legal risk.
Tether froze some addresses within 90 minutes.
Growing Scrutiny of Circle
ZachXBT documented 15 cases totaling over $420 million where Circle took minimal action.
The Lazarus Group hack was cited as an example of delayed response.
Circle's shares plunged 40% over 120 days.
The incident raises questions about stablecoin issuer responsibilities.
Debate Over Freeze Authority
Circle has the authority to blacklist but uses a reactive, order-driven model.
Tether paused its USDT0 protocol within 90 minutes of Drift.

Circle stayed hands-off during Drift but recently froze 16 unrelated wallets.
The inconsistency has raised trust questions.
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