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DRC sues Rwanda at ICJ
The Democratic Republic of Congo filed a case against Rwanda at the International Court of Justice, accusing Kigali of bearing responsibility for decades of alleged “abuses” in eastern Congo.
“The Democratic Republic of Congo said it has filed a case against Rwanda at the International Court of Justice over its role in the long-running conflict in the eastern Congo”
The DRC said it was taking Rwanda to the ICJ over “abuses attributable to Rwanda over a period extending from 1996 to the present day,” and the ICJ confirmed it had received the application to start a case.
In Kinshasa’s account, the alleged crimes included massacres, extrajudicial executions, acts of torture, sexual violence, forced displacement, and discrimination, and it asked the court to order Rwanda to cease the alleged violations and award reparations to the state and victims.
Rwanda has consistently denied backing M23, and the BBC reported that Rwanda had not yet responded to the filing while UN experts and Western governments have said Rwanda is supporting M23 in DR Congo’s east.
Accusations, denials, and legal framing
The Congolese government told the ICJ that the abuses “have primarily targeted Hutus present on Zairian, and subsequently Congolese, territory following the genocide against the Tutsi in 1994,” while also saying other Congolese ethnic groups including the Nyindu, Bembe, Lega, Nande, Hunde and Bashi have been targeted.
The DRC’s application described civilian suffering in eastern DRC as “exceptional magnitude,” and it alleged that Rwandan armed forces, alongside proxy groups including the M23/AFC alliance, and AFDL, conducted unlawful military operations across eastern DRC since the 1994 Rwandan genocide.
Rwanda’s position, as described by the BBC, is that it has long-dismissed evidence that it backs rebel groups in the country, and it has said its military presence is self-defence against the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR).
The BBC also said the ICJ is based in the Netherlands and that the application asks the court to order Rwanda to cease its alleged crimes and award reparations to the Congolese authorities and its victims.
What happens next in the dispute
The filing is described as the third time the DRC has sought ICJ action against Rwanda, after an initial case was dropped in 2001 and a second case was dismissed in 2006 because the court said it could not proceed.
“- Published The Democratic Republic of Congo has filed a case against Rwanda at the International Court of Justice (ICJ), accusing its neighbour of breaching multiple international treaties”
The ICJ statement in the Al Jazeera report confirmed it had received DRC’s application to start a case, and the BBC said the ICJ will now examine the claims.
Beyond the ICJ, the EastAfrican reported that the DRC’s legal push adds to cases already before the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (AfCHPR) and the East African Court of Justice (EACJ), with Justice Minister Guillaume Ngefa filing the ICJ case during a visit to The Hague.
The DRC’s stated aim across these fronts is to secure justice for victims, establish international responsibility, and obtain reparations, while the dispute continues alongside Washington peace efforts and the DRC’s accusations that Rwanda has breached international conventions including those on genocide, racial discrimination, women’s rights and torture.
