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Genocide findings in el-Fasher
An Independent, U.N.-backed fact-finding mission led by Mohamed Chande Othman concluded that the Rapid Support Forces’ (RSF) late‑October offensive that overran el‑Fasher after an 18‑month siege "bears the hallmarks of genocide."
“found that an October RSF offensive that overran el-Fasher after an 18-month siege involved planned, ethnically targeted mass killings, widespread sexual violence, torture, disappearances and destruction that “bear the characteristics of genocide,””
The mission documented planned, ethnically targeted mass killings, widespread sexual violence, torture, enforced disappearances and deliberate deprivation that particularly targeted non‑Arab communities such as the Zaghawa and Fur.
The team found evidence meeting at least three Genocide Convention criteria — killing members of a protected group; causing serious bodily or mental harm; and inflicting conditions intended to bring about physical destruction.
It described thousands killed, many wounded and many others missing after the city fell, including large losses at sites such as the Abu Shouk displacement camp.
The mission urged urgent protection, humanitarian access and credible accountability measures as the wider war between the RSF and Sudan’s regular military continues to kill and displace tens of thousands.
Documented siege-era atrocities
The mission documents large-scale, systematic atrocities during and after the siege.
These included mass executions in homes and on roads, and bodies left in the streets.
Investigators recorded widespread sexual violence, including gang rapes, across a wide age range.
They also documented torture, enforced disappearances, and the deliberate denial of food, water and medical care that left many unable to flee.
Investigators cited specific incidents and sites.
The Human Rights Office tallied more than 6,000 deaths in the Oct. 25–27 assault.
An Abu Shouk camp attack reportedly killed at least 300 people in two days.
Investigators reported massacres at hospitals and university sites.
Survivors described bodies filling roads and people being gunned down while trying to hide.
The team reported statements by perpetrators that identified non‑Arab women and girls for targeting.
Findings on RSF campaign
Investigators corroborated their findings using survivor interviews, witness testimony, verified video and satellite imagery, and statements by RSF fighters and leaders that the mission characterizes as "exterminatory rhetoric" calling to "clean" the city.
“drawing on more than 320 survivor interviews, statements by RSF commanders, verified video and satellite imagery — found the late‑October takeover, after an 18‑month blockade, involved prolonged siege, deliberate starvation and denial of aid, mass killings, rape, torture, enforced disappearances, systematic humiliation and public statements showing intent to destroy, in whole or in part, the Zaghawa and Fur communities.”
The team interviewed hundreds of victims and witnesses, conducted field work in neighbouring states, and cross‑checked documentary and forensic evidence to conclude that the campaign was planned, coordinated and publicly endorsed by senior RSF figures.
The mission says this evidence distinguishes organized genocidal conduct from random excesses.
The RSF largely did not cooperate with investigators, and teams could not visit every site, complicating on‑the‑ground verification.
Those complications did not prevent the mission from drawing its conclusions.
Calls for accountability and sanctions
The mission’s release prompted calls for accountability and strengthened civilian protection.
It also renewed pressure on the Security Council and states to restrict arms flows, expand sanctions and support international investigations.
U.S. officials have imposed sanctions on some RSF commanders, and Western governments called for ceasefires and criminal probes.
The mission recommended stricter enforcement of Darfur arms embargoes, targeted sanctions and closer cooperation with the International Criminal Court while urging consideration of additional judicial mechanisms.
Analysts and rights groups criticized international inaction despite warnings earlier in the conflict.
UN officials warned that continued impunity risks further atrocity.
Sudan conflict overview
The mission’s findings sit within a broader wartime context: the RSF’s roots in Janjaweed militias, the April 2023 break between RSF leader Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo and army chief Abdel Fattah al‑Burhan, and an expanding civil war that has killed and displaced large numbers of civilians.
“the wider war between the RSF and Sudan’s regular military, which began in April 2023, has already killed tens of thousands (with some estimates exceeding 40,000)”
Reporting cites total deaths ranging from 'tens of thousands' to UN estimates exceeding 40,000, and displacement figures in the millions.
The conflict’s human toll and the scale of displacement vary slightly between outlets, and sources contradict each other on exact counts, though they consistently present the situation as catastrophic.
Several sources note allegations of external backing for RSF forces, often mentioning the UAE, alongside denials, and investigators warn the risk of further genocidal acts remains serious and ongoing without stronger international action.