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Allies Bear Economic Costs
The economic consequences fell disproportionately on Washington's European and Asian allies rather than on Iran.
“The conflict’s most severe economic repercussions have fallen mainly on Washington’s European and Asian allies”
The Strait of Hormuz blockade disrupted a fifth of global LNG exports and a third of crude oil exports.
The closure placed significant strain on Australia's fuel supply and exposed vulnerabilities in Indonesian straits.
Trump threatened to sever ties with NATO over the allies' refusal to join the war.
Trump's NATO Fury
Trump publicly threatened to reconsider US membership in NATO.
The 2023 law requires a two-thirds Senate majority to approve withdrawal.
Article 5 of NATO doesn't apply because the US is not under attack.
Spain had closed its airspace to US military planes involved in the conflict.
Strategic Quagmire
Iran demonstrated resilience complicating Trump's promise to end the war quickly.
“Trump faces a strategic quagmire arising from conflicting promises and goals that have not yet been realized”
The Washington Post summarized Trump faces a strategic quagmire.
CSIS analyzed the divergent objectives of the combatants.
The Atlantic Council described the campaign as a high-risk gamble.