
Quantum Computers Pose Impractical Threat to Bitcoin Mining, Experts Say
Key Takeaways
- Attacking bitcoin mining via quantum computers would require energy of a star.
- BTQ Technologies study finds quantum mining impractical at scale due to extreme energy and qubit needs.
- Quantum attacks on Bitcoin signatures are the more immediate risk, emphasizing post-quantum security.
Mining Energy Barrier
Academic research has established that attacking bitcoin mining would require energy equivalent to a star, making it physically unreachable.
“Attacking bitcoin mining with a quantum computer would require the energy of a star, academics say One paper finds that attacking the bitcoin blockchain through quantum mining would demand the energy output of a star”
BTQ Technologies concluded that astronomical quantum fleets at energy scales far above present-day civilization would be needed.

The real cryptographic crisis is bitcoin's vulnerability to quantum attacks on digital signatures due to exposed public keys.
CoinDesk explained that current fears conflate wallet vulnerabilities with largely impractical threats to mining.
ChainCatcher emphasized that quantum mining is physically impossible and Bitcoin can be upgraded.
Wallet Vulnerabilities and Upgrades
Bitcoin's security rests on digital signatures rather than encryption, a distinction often misunderstood.
Quantum computers can theoretically derive a private key from a public key using Shor's algorithm.

About 6.26 million bitcoin public keys have been exposed, providing a limited attack window.
Bitcoin can be upgraded; related work has already begun with proposals like BIP-360.
Media Misrepresentation
The quantum threat to Bitcoin is real but still far off.
Media headlines frequently suggest bitcoin is on the verge of collapse.
ChainCatcher said both extremes of panic and dismissal are wrong.
Quantum headlines often conflate attacks on digital signatures with quantum-accelerated mining.
Much of the public discourse is based on simplified problems that don't reflect real-world cryptography.
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