22 Old Queen Street, Westminster, home of the Spectator, in December 2023

Media Analysis

The Spectator blamed Pakistani culture for rape. When Russell Brand was jailed for rape, it blamed his critics.

Russell Brand was jailed for ten and a half years on 9 November for rape and three sexual assaults. Three days later The Spectator called the reaction a moral panic and suggested his real offence was becoming right-wing. In January 2025 it blamed grooming gangs on "Pakistan's rape culture", using a police figure it misdescribed.

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Photo: No Swan So Fine, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Archive photo

In four numbers

  • 10.5 years

    Russell Brand's sentence for rape and three sexual assaults

  • 0.6%

    of child sexual abuse crimes covered by the "four times" figure

  • 16

    articles in five outlets blamed grooming gangs on ethnicity or religion

  • 16

    pieces in the same five outlets sympathetic to Russell Brand

Russell Brand is a convicted rapist. On 5 November a jury at Southwark Crown Court found him guilty of raping one woman and sexually assaulting three more. On 9 November he was jailed for ten years and six months.

Three days later The Spectator published an editorial about it. It did not ask how a rapist stayed famous for twenty years. It asked whether the people condemning him were really angry about his politics.

His crime was rape. Twelve jurors said so.

This is the same magazine that, in January 2025, blamed grooming gangs on "Pakistan's rape culture" and demanded a backlash from the whole Pakistani community. So we put the two articles side by side, we dug into the figure the first one was built on, and we read 1,279 headlines from 11 outlets and 159 full articles from five of them to see how the rest of the press handled the two.

What we found:

  • The "four times more likely" figure covers 717 offences, which is 0.6% of the child sexual abuse crimes police recorded that year.
  • It is a figure about group-based offences, meaning two or more perpetrators. The Spectator dropped that word.
  • Police recorded ethnicity for only about a third of suspects, and said the breakdown was "limited".
  • "Four times" is the top of a range. The same data for the full year 2023 put Pakistani suspects at 6.9%.
  • Across all recorded child sexual abuse in 2024, Pakistani perpetrators were 2.2% of those whose ethnicity was recorded. Pakistanis are 2.7% of the population. White perpetrators were 88%.
  • Five outlets, the Daily Express, the Daily Mail, GB News, The Spectator and The Telegraph, published 16 articles that blamed grooming gangs on ethnicity, religion, culture or migration in their own words. The same five ran 16 pieces sympathetic to Russell Brand.
  • When the rapist is Pakistani, the press makes it a story about Pakistan. When he is white, it makes it a story about the Left.

What The Spectator wrote about Russell Brand

The editorial ran on 12 November, in The Spectator's US edition and on its website, under the headline "We don't need another #MeToo moment". It opens by calling the reaction to Brand's conviction one of the British public's "periodic fits of morality".

Screenshot of the Spectator editorial headed We don't need another #MeToo moment, with its first paragraph, which says much of Brand's past can be written off as mere boorishness
The headline and first paragraph of The Spectator's editorial, published 12 November 2026 and captured at 14:19 on 14 November 2026. The photograph and share bar between the headline and the paragraph are not shown.Source: The SpectatorOriginalArchived copy

On what he did:

“Much of Brand’s past can be written off as mere boorishness”

Spectator Editorial, The Spectator, 12 November 2026Read the originalArchived copy

On why people are condemning him:

“Listening to those who denounce him now, one wonders whether his greater crime was a conversion from socialist politics to right-wing evangelicalism.”

Spectator Editorial, The Spectator, 12 November 2026Read the originalArchived copy

On his sentence:

“And it is true that his ten-year sentence seems harsh when compared to the punishments meted out to some of Britain’s infamous grooming gangsters, who received lesser sentences for multiple rapes of children. Donald Trump Jr. is not wrong to question whether this is an example of British two-tier justice.”

Spectator Editorial, The Spectator, 12 November 2026Read the originalArchived copy

On what Britain needs:

“We don’t need another public frenzy or #MeToo movement. We need private morals.”

Spectator Editorial, The Spectator, 12 November 2026Read the originalArchived copy

The Spectator says it has no "great wish to defend Russell Brand, or any other celebrity pervert", and then spends the editorial doing it. Rape and sexual assault become "the antics of men such as Brand". The people angry about it are having a "fit". The answer it offers is "forgiveness".

That is a conspiracy theory. Brand was not convicted by commentators. He was convicted by a jury, in a case covering 1999 to 2009, years before he changed his politics.

The Spectator's other headlines that week did condemn him: "The welcome downfall of Russell Brand" and "The grossness of Russell Brand". Seven of its pieces made his crimes a story about the Left, which we come back to below.

What the court found

The jury convicted Brand on four of seven counts: one of rape and three of sexual assault. It cleared him on the other three. Judge Joel Bennathan told him he had "become a sexual predator" as he became famous.

“Whatever women wear, wherever they go, indeed whatever they drink, they retain the right to say no and to demand justice from the criminal courts when sexual predators like you, Russell Brand, act without their consent.”

Judge Joel Bennathan, sentencing remarks, Southwark Crown Court, as reported by CNN, 9 November 2026Read the original

The Spectator read that and wrote "boorishness".

What The Spectator wrote about Pakistanis

On 19 January 2025 The Spectator published "How Pakistan's rape culture led to the UK grooming gangs", by the Pakistani journalist Kunwar Khuldune Shahid. The Spectator chose to publish it and put that headline on it.

Screenshot of the Spectator article headed How Pakistan's rape culture led to the UK grooming gangs, dated 19 January 2025, with its first four paragraphs
The headline, date and opening paragraphs of The Spectator's article, captured at 14:19 on 14 November 2026. The photograph is not shown.Source: The SpectatorOriginalArchived copy

On the cause:

“There is a gory mix in the country of Islamic supremacism, primitive tribalism and violent misogyny, which encourages some men to prey on girls.”

Kunwar Khuldune Shahid, The Spectator, 19 January 2025Read the originalArchived copy

On what the community owes:

“There needs to be a much greater backlash to these crimes within the Pakistani community.”

Kunwar Khuldune Shahid, The Spectator, 19 January 2025Read the originalArchived copy

The article says Pakistanis who do not speak out are part of "a conspiracy of silence".

Notice the different standards.

The Spectator on rape, twice

When Pakistani men rape

“This translates into a rape culture that in recent decades has seen young British girls being mercilessly violated.”

The Spectator, 19 January 2025Read the original

When Russell Brand rapes

“Few have made the connection between this liberalized sexual culture and the antics of men such as Brand.”

The Spectator, 12 November 2026Read the original

A Pakistani rapist is evidence against a country and a religion. A white rapist is evidence against sex education.

When Pakistani men rape, The Spectator blames a culture and a religion, and demands a backlash. When Russell Brand rapes, it calls the backlash a moral panic and asks for forgiveness.

What the "four times" figure was

The Spectator's "rape culture" article opens with a statistic:

“Pakistani-origin men are up to four times more likely to be reported to the police for child sex grooming offences than the general population in England and Wales, the first national police scheme data appeared to suggest last week.”

Kunwar Khuldune Shahid, The Spectator, 19 January 2025Read the originalArchived copy

The figure does not cover all "child sex grooming offences". It covers group-based offences, which police define as involving "two or more individuals" who are known to one another. The Telegraph report it came from said so: "Grooming, which is defined by police as a form of group-based child sexual exploitation, accounted for 717 offences reported to police in 2023".

The Spectator dropped "group-based" and kept "Pakistani".

The Telegraph published the figure on 10 January 2025 under the headline "Pakistanis up to four times more likely to be behind grooming". The headline does not say gangs, does not say suspects and does not say a third of the data.

Screenshot of the Telegraph article headed Pakistanis up to four times more likely to be behind grooming, by Charles Hymas, dated 10 January 2025, with its first three paragraphs
The Telegraph's headline, standfirst and first three paragraphs, from the Internet Archive's capture of 10 January 2025, viewed at 14:19 on 14 November 2026. The photograph is not shown.Source: The TelegraphOriginalArchived copy

This is what the figure sits inside:

717 of 115,489: what the "four times" figure covers

Police-recorded child sexual abuse and exploitation crimes, England and Wales, 2023. The "four times" claim describes the smallest bar.

See the figures
CategoryOffences recorded, 2023
All child sexual abuse and exploitation crimes115,489
Group-based (two or more perpetrators)4,228
Group-based child sexual exploitation ("grooming")717

What the figure covers

What the figure covers
All child sexual abuse and exploitation crimes115,489100
Group-based (two or more perpetrators)4,2283.7
Group-based child sexual exploitation ("grooming")7170.6

Within those 717 offences, police recorded the ethnicity of about a third of suspects. The Telegraph reported the warning fourteen paragraphs down:

Screenshot of four paragraphs of the Telegraph article giving 717 grooming offences in 2023 and 70 per cent white perpetrators, followed by the paragraph in which police chiefs say the breakdown was limited and covered about a third of suspects
The Telegraph's own paragraphs on what the figure covers and the police warning, from the Internet Archive's capture of 10 January 2025, viewed at 14:19 on 14 November 2026. The line marks where a chart between the paragraphs is not shown.Source: The TelegraphOriginalArchived copy

“Police chiefs stressed the breakdown was “limited” and had to be treated with caution as it only covered about a third of suspects because their ethnic background could only be recorded once they had been interviewed by police.”

The Telegraph, 10 January 2025Read the originalArchived copy

The same report said "the majority of grooming offences reported to police involved white perpetrators". Here is the breakdown The Telegraph printed:

Suspects in group-based "grooming" offences, where ethnicity was recorded

Swipe or scroll sideways to compare columns. The first column stays in view.

Suspects in group-based "grooming" offences, where ethnicity was recorded
White706381.7
Pakistani6.913.72.7
Other Asian6.34.41.6
African2.52.22.5
Indian1.643.1
Bangladeshi1.30.51.1
Black Caribbean1.111
Ethnicity was recorded for about a third of suspects. "Four times" comes from the nine-month 2024 column. The full-year 2023 column gives 6.9%.

The police officer who released the figures gave three possible explanations, according to The Telegraph: that Pakistanis were more likely to commit these crimes, that their victims were easier to identify, or that it was a statistical sampling quirk. The Spectator picked the first and called it a culture.

In June 2025 Baroness Casey's national audit found "disproportionate numbers of men from Asian ethnic backgrounds amongst suspects" in three police force areas. It also said ethnicity "is still not recorded for two-thirds of perpetrators", so it could not give a national picture. Neither finding turns a third of the suspects in 717 offences into a verdict on Pakistan.

What the police data says about all child sexual abuse

Grooming gangs are 0.6% of recorded child sexual abuse. The police publish the ethnicity of perpetrators for the other 99.4% too. The Spectator has not built an article on that.

In 2024 police in England and Wales recorded 122,768 child sexual abuse and exploitation offences. Where a perpetrator's ethnicity was recorded:

  • 88% were white. White people are 81.7% of the population.
  • 2.2% were Pakistani. Pakistanis are 2.7% of the population.
  • 83.4% were White British. White British people are 74.4% of the population.

Perpetrators of all recorded child sexual abuse, 2024, against share of population

Where self-defined ethnicity was recorded: 44,396 of 129,143 perpetrator records (34%). Source: 2024 National Analysis of Police-Recorded CSAE Crimes, Table 2.

See the figures
Self-defined ethnicityShare of perpetrators (%)Share of population (%)
White British83.474.4
Any other white background3.96.4
Pakistani2.22.7
Any other Asian background1.61.6
African1.42.5
Any other Black background1.10.5
Any other ethnic group11.6
Indian13.1
Any other mixed background0.90.8
Caribbean0.81
White and Black Caribbean0.70.9
Bangladeshi0.51.1
Irish0.40.9
White and Asian0.30.8
Arab0.30.6
White and Black African0.30.4
Chinese0.10.7
Gypsy or Irish Traveller0.10.1

Every ethnic group in the police table

Swipe or scroll sideways to compare columns. The first column stays in view.

Every ethnic group in the police table
White British37,01783.474.4
Any other white background1,7523.96.4
Pakistani9692.22.7
Any other Asian background6931.61.6
African6421.42.5
Any other Black background4771.10.5
Any other ethnic group46111.6
Indian44913.1
Any other mixed background4170.90.8
Caribbean3590.81
White and Black Caribbean2920.70.9
Bangladeshi2290.51.1
Irish1700.40.9
White and Asian1400.30.8
Arab1240.30.6
White and Black African1100.30.4
Chinese650.10.7
Gypsy or Irish Traveller300.10.1

Ethnicity was recorded for 34% of perpetrators, about the same share as the grooming figure. If a third of the data is enough to write "Pakistan's rape culture", it is enough to write that Pakistani men are under-represented among child abusers and White British men are over-represented. The Spectator has not published an article on Britain's rape culture.

The sentences

The Spectator used the grooming gangs a second time, to argue that a rapist got too long. It said Brand's sentence "seems harsh" next to "some" grooming gang members.

The sentences The Spectator compared

The sentences The Spectator compared
Russell Brand, November 2026One rape and three sexual assaults10 years 6 months
Rochdale grooming gang, seven men, October 2025Sexual offences against two girls12 to 35 years each, 174 years in total

The most recent Rochdale gang got between 12 and 35 years each. The ringleader, Mohammed Zahid, got 35. The shortest sentence in that case was longer than Brand's.

The "two-tier" line came from Donald Trump Jr., who asked why Brand's sentence was more severe than "sentences handed to Muslim grooming gangs across the UK". The Spectator said he "is not wrong". Megyn Kelly, whom the editorial also quotes, called the trial "insane" and an "outrage".

What the rest of the press did

The Spectator is one magazine, so we read the rest. We took every headline in the NewsCord archive from 11 UK outlets between June and 14 November 2026 that named Russell Brand or grooming gangs: 1,083 on Brand and 196 on grooming gangs.

Then we read the full text of 159 articles from the five outlets that did the most of it: every grooming gang article in the Daily Express, the Daily Mail and GB News, and every Spectator and Telegraph piece we could find that discussed grooming gangs or Russell Brand. We counted two things. How many articles blamed grooming gangs on the offenders' ethnicity, religion or culture, or on migrants, in the outlet's own words. And how many pieces were sympathetic to Russell Brand.

Same outlets, two rapists: who blamed ethnicity, religion or culture, and who was sympathetic to Russell Brand

Number of articles, June to 14 November 2026. Grooming gangs: articles read in full where the outlet, in its own words and with no source, blames ethnicity, religion, culture or migration. Russell Brand: headlines sympathetic to him, plus The Spectator's editorial.

See the figures
OutletGrooming gangs: blamed ethnicity, religion, culture or migrationRussell Brand: sympathetic
All five outlets1616
Daily Express68
Daily Mail46
GB News31
The Spectator21
The Telegraph10

The two counts, by outlet

Swipe or scroll sideways to compare columns. The first column stays in view.

The two counts, by outlet
All five outlets161593516443
Daily Express64698220
Daily Mail43496137
GB News35417155
The Spectator2160113
The Telegraph190018

Between them the five outlets published 16 of each. The Daily Express ran six articles blaming ethnicity, culture or migration, and eight sympathetic to Brand. The Daily Mail ran four and six. GB News ran three and one, The Spectator two and one, and The Telegraph one and none.

In their own words:

  • The Telegraph, 5 August 2026: "the methodical and organised rape and, even murder, of thousands of white, working-class girls by largely Muslim Pakistani gangs across the entire country."
  • The Spectator, 7 October 2026: foreign cultures are "typified by female genital mutilation, cousin marriage, doctrinal contempt for outsiders, rape gangs, sexual abuse".
  • Daily Mail, 28 June 2026: "many of the abusers identified in other parts of the country are predominantly Pakistani Muslim men".
  • Daily Express, 2 October 2026: "gangs of predominantly Asian men of Pakistani heritage were carrying out 'industrial scale' child abuse".
  • GB News, 29 August 2026: the gangs "must invite questions about the cultural factors that led to these crimes".

None of those sentences gives a source. The police data above says ethnicity is not recorded for two-thirds of perpetrators.

What that looks like in the same paper:

The Daily Express, twice

A Pakistani offender

“Reform's Zia Yusuf issues furious 'blanket ban' threat to Pakistan as grooming row grows”

Daily Express, 18 August 2026Read the original

Russell Brand

“Russell Brand's wife's 'heart smashed into a million pieces' as husband jailed”

Daily Express, 9 November 2026

The Daily Mail, twice

Pakistani offenders

'She says she's over age - enjoy your night, lads': What one police officer told Pakistani grooming gang as he returned 16-year-old girl to them

Daily Mail, 7 November 2026Read the original

Russell Brand

“Russell Brand's wife Laura will stand by him because she still believes he is innocent and is moving back to the UK with their three children”

Daily Mail, 7 November 2026

Both ran on the same day.

The numbers are small next to the total. Of the 925 headlines about Brand's case across all 11 outlets, 314 condemn him and 25 are sympathetic, and most of the 25 are stories about his wife and his father. Nobody wrote that kind of headline about a grooming gang offender's family.

Headlines about Russell Brand's case, by outlet

925 headlines about the case, June to 14 November 2026, coded from the headline alone. Sympathetic means the headline puts forward a view favourable to Brand, or his family's suffering, without contradicting it. The Spectator's editorial does not name him in its headline, so it is not in this chart.

See the figures
OutletCondemns himCourt reportOther angleSympathetic
Daily Express54261328
The Independent5060655
Daily Mail6122486
The Mirror4725434
The Sun5212260
GB News1716211
The Guardian1420110
BBC News41961
The Times02000
The Telegraph9440
The Spectator6060

Russell Brand headlines by outlet

Swipe or scroll sideways to compare columns. The first column stays in view.

Russell Brand headlines by outlet
Daily Express220542613287
The Independent18050606552
Daily Mail13761224868
The Mirror11947254341
The Sun9052122601
GB News5517162113
The Guardian4514201100
BBC News30419610
The Times20020000
The Telegraph1794404
The Spectator1260603

The bigger difference is in who gets the blame.

  • A Pakistani rapist becomes a story about Pakistan. 52 of the 196 grooming gang headlines (27%) are about deporting him, visas, sanctions or migration.
  • A white rapist becomes a story about the Left. 29 headlines blame Labour or the Left for Russell Brand, which is more than the 25 that sympathise with him. In The Spectator and The Telegraph, 12 of the 22 pieces we read on Brand blame the Left, the BBC or the Guardian for him.
Who answers for a rapist

When the rapists are Pakistani

“Grooming gangs: British Muslims 'must report or be complicit', says leading Pakistani cleric”

GB News, 13 September 2026Read the original

When the rapist is white

“That says much more about the Left than it does about Brand.”

The Telegraph, 9 November 2026

Nobody asked white men, or Christians, to report or be complicit.

Grooming gang headlines by outlet

Swipe or scroll sideways to compare columns. The first column stays in view.

Grooming gang headlines by outlet
GB News5421138
Daily Express46763
Daily Mail341292
BBC News20420
The Sun13330
The Times13441
The Independent7000
The Mirror5100
The Guardian4010
196 headlines, June to 14 November 2026. Keyword counts, which include plain reports of the deportation dispute.

Much of this was one story. In July a Rochdale ringleader, Shabir Ahmed, was released and Pakistan refused to take him back. That is news. But look at where it went: "Tough visa sanctions 'to be slapped on Pakistan'" (The Sun), "Reform's Zia Yusuf issues furious 'blanket ban' threat to Pakistan as grooming row grows" (Express). One man's crimes became a case for punishing a country.

The misinformation kept coming too. In the week Brand was convicted, the Daily Mail and The Sun both told readers that Baroness Casey's review "found that Asian Muslim men were overwhelmingly" responsible for the abuse. We could not find that finding in the audit. It says ethnicity "is still not recorded for two-thirds of perpetrators".

And the same week, The Spectator's own pages were making Brand somebody else's fault: "Russell Brand's New Statesman apostles", "The rank hypocrisy of Russell Brand's left-wing defenders", "Should Labour apologise for courting Russell Brand?". The Telegraph ran "The Left must reflect on its relationship with Russell Brand".

So the press has a rule for who answers for a rapist. If he is Pakistani, his country and his religion answer. If he is white, their political opponents answer. His race, his culture and his community are never asked anything.

Rupert Lowe and the number The Spectator knows is a guess

The "four times" headline was not the end of it. On 16 June 2026 the MP Rupert Lowe published a 219-page document he called the Rape Gang Inquiry Report. Its headline claim is that at least 250,000 girls were raped by what he calls "Pakistani Muslim rape gangs".

Nobody counted 250,000 victims. We traced the number in A Quarter of a Million Lies. The Spectator's own director of research traced it too:

“The quarter of a million estimate was suggested in a 2018 House of Lords question by former Ukip leader Lord Pearson, who extrapolated Rotherham’s 1,400 victims to a national scale.”

John O’Neill, director of research, The Spectator, 9 July 2026Read the original

So The Spectator knows where the grooming gang numbers come from. Four months after printing that, it reached for "Britain's infamous grooming gangsters" to argue that Russell Brand's sentence was too harsh.

From a headline to the street

  1. 10 January 2025

    The Telegraph: "Pakistanis up to four times more likely to be behind grooming"

    A figure covering about a third of the suspects in 717 offences.

    Source

  2. 15 January 2025

    Tell MAMA reports Muslims being targeted with the same language

    "In January 2025, we received reports from Muslim communities who told us that they were targeted with such abhorrent language and abuse because of their ethnicity and religious identity."

    Source

  3. 19 January 2025

    The Spectator: "How Pakistan's rape culture led to the UK grooming gangs"

    Source

  4. 16 June 2026

    Rupert Lowe publishes the 250,000 figure

    Source

  5. 19 June 2026

    Five men are stabbed in Edinburgh

    Two had just left prayers at a mosque. A man has been charged with five counts of attempted murder.

    Source

  6. 9 July 2026

    The Spectator's research director explains the 250,000 figure is an extrapolation

    Source

  7. 9 November 2026

    Russell Brand is jailed for ten years and six months

    Source

  8. 12 November 2026

    The Spectator: "We don't need another #MeToo moment"

    Source

What it did to Muslims

Tell MAMA, which records anti-Muslim hate, logged 6,313 cases in 2024, the most in its history. In January 2025, the month of the Telegraph headline and the Spectator article, it put out a statement about the grooming gangs coverage. Its director, Iman Atta, said:

“This is not an attempt to stifle free speech, only a reminder that inflammatory rhetoric is leading to increasing threats to the safety and security of Muslim communities going about their daily lives who have nothing to do with such abhorrent crimes.”

Iman Atta, director of Tell MAMA, Tell MAMA, 15 January 2025Read the original

Three days after Lowe published his report, five men were stabbed in Edinburgh. Two of them, both aged 22, had just left prayers at their mosque. A 36-year-old man has been charged with five counts of attempted murder, all aggravated by a terrorist connection. He has not entered a plea and the case has not been tried.

Footage of the arrest appears to show the man shouting that he was protecting the country from Muslims "raping our young daughters". The then Prime Minister, Keir Starmer, said the suspect "appears to be motivated by anti-Muslim hatred".

No court has said what that man read. What is on the record is the sentence he appears to shout, and it is the claim the press had been printing since January 2025.

Who the rape is about

All rape is abhorrent. It does not matter who the rapist is. That is the one point The Spectator cannot make, because its two articles depend on it mattering.

This is how white supremacy thinks about rape. Women are "our" women. When a Pakistani man rapes one, it is an invasion, proof of what his whole people are, and everyone who shares his background must answer for it. When a white man rapes one, it is "boorishness" and "antics", and he is owed forgiveness.

The man in Edinburgh does not appear to shout about children being raped. He appears to shout about "our young daughters". The Spectator did not ask whether ten and a half years was right for what Brand did to the woman he raped. It asked how his sentence compared with a Pakistani man's.

In both cases the woman is not the subject. The rapist's race is.

The Spectator accused Pakistani culture of treating "women deemed property of men". A magazine that measures a rape by who committed it is doing the same thing.

How we did this

Sources and figures

The Spectator and Telegraph quotations are taken from the articles as published; the Telegraph text is from the Internet Archive capture of 10 January 2025. Grooming figures are the Hydrant Programme's, as The Telegraph reported them. All-offence figures are from the 2024 National Analysis of Police-Recorded CSAE Crimes (December 2025), Table 2. Both sets record ethnicity for about a third of suspects or perpetrators, so neither supports a firm national rate for any group. Rochdale sentences are from Greater Manchester Police, October 2025.

The headline census covers every article in the NewsCord archive from the 11 outlets, ingested from June to 14 November 2026, whose headline names Russell Brand or grooming or rape gangs, with repeated headlines counted once. The archive starts at different dates for each outlet: most from 22 June, The Independent and The Telegraph from early August, The Spectator from 24 August, and The Times stops on 23 October. Headlines were coded by hand from the headline alone against a written scheme.

The text reading covers 159 articles: all 134 grooming gang articles from the Daily Express, the Daily Mail and GB News, and 25 Spectator and Telegraph articles found by searching article text for grooming gangs or Russell Brand. An article counts as blaming ethnicity, religion, culture or migration only when the outlet or its columnist says so in its own words with no source given. Reports of what a minister, an official audit or a campaigner said are not counted, and neither are descriptions of named defendants in court reports. Every quoted sentence was checked against the stored article text. A further 35 articles in the Express, Mail and GB News carry the same kind of claim in a quotation the article does not challenge. Sympathy for Russell Brand is counted from headlines in the Express, Mail and GB News, whose Brand articles were not read in full, and from the full text in The Spectator and The Telegraph.

Download the data

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