The Sun, on Iran, 3 October 2026

3.0out of 10Minor

The landlocked waterway arming beyond Nato’s reach

Tap a highlight to see why it matters.3 findings

1 comment 1 Next BEYOND Nato’s reach, Iran and Russia are forging in a landlocked waterway. With its southern ports severed by Donald Trump ‘s blockade in the Strait of Hormuz, Tehran is turning north to a “war zone” shipping artery rocked by airstrikes and a naval arms race for survival. 8 Russia have launched cruise missiles and run military drills in the Caspian 8 Advertisement The Caspian Sea, a key maritime corridor sitting between Iran and Russia , is both and helping Putin launch strikes on Ukraine .

Bordering just five countries, it is the only large-scale transport route linking Moscow and Tehran that bypasses US intervention – due to a ban on foreign military deployments inside it. Sign up for The Sun newsletter Thank you! Email address Please provide a valid email. Your info will be used in accordance with our Privacy Policy You'll now receive top stories, breaking news, and more, straight to your email. International security expert Luke Coffey told the Sun: “The Iranians have been using the Caspian Sea as a way to trade more with Russia and receive assistance… but also to provide energy exports to circumvent international sanctions.

“ Munitions, artillery shells , spare parts – these are items that have been sent north to Russia.” READ MORE WORLD NEWS VLAD’S RECKONING How panicked allies are stabbing Putin in back to stop ‘endless war’ ACHILLES' HEEL How Trump could unleash new tactic to finally destroy Iran's nuke base 8 Putin is increasingly exchanging technology, goods and weapons with Iran Credit: Getty 8 The regime is staying afloat through trade with Russia Credit: Getty Security analyst Dakota Irvin said the waterway had become a “key lifeline” for the regime.

He told The Sun: “Russia is reportedly sending technology and weapons to Iran, and Iran has also helped Russia with drones and ballistic missiles… it’s really kind of a key lifeline.” Advertisement Putin is exploiting the waterway to fuel his war in Ukraine. To the chokepoint’s northwest lies the Volga-Don canal – a shipping route connecting the Caspian Sea to the Sea of Azov. Most read in The Sun GRIZZLY ATTACK Shocking moment huge bear attacks car as horrified driver locks the doors AIR MYSTERY Plane carrying 6 vanishes after leaving Bermuda as US Coast Guard leads search BEACH TRAGEDY Body found on UK beach after coastguard & lifeboat crews seen searching water URGENT SEARCH Manhunt launched for violent thug, 33, wanted for 'rape and coercive control' 8 The Caspian Sea borders Iran, Russia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan Credit: AFP 8 through increasing trade in the Caspian Sea with Russia Credit: Shutterstock Editorial Russian vessels carrying military equipment have used the narrow stretch to get arms closer to the Black Sea on Ukraine’s south coast.

Advertisement The Caspian, which also borders Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan, has allowed Iran to trade key imports and exports such as food, essential supplies and oil. Before the outbreak of war on February 28, the Strait of Hormuz handled 80 per cent of all Iranian trade. But as of today, the US has achieved a near-total blockade of the regime’s southern ports. 8 Drones on Ukrainian cities are being handed over by Iran Credit: Reuters 8 Missiles and drones are being traded between Russia and Iran Credit: EPA Advertisement More than 30 per cent of Iran’s imports now transit through the Caspian Sea, according to Tehran.

Coffey said: “They’ve been doing this a lot in recent weeks. What is new is the rate at which they are doing it.” Increased trade in the Caspian Sea helps both regimes “resupply, rearm, and trade energy” as part of a larger effort to undermine the interests of the West, he added. Irvin said: “The war isolated Iran from the rest of the world, and Russia is its only remaining key ally. “The Caspian has emerged as this gateway for them as a back door for illicit trade including weapons and drones.”

Advertisement Aside from food items like sunflower oil or animal feed, reports say Russia is also sending drone components and explosives to Iran through the sea. The Kremlin has been helping Iran develop advanced supersonic cruise missiles “in one of the most significant known transfers of strategic military technology from Moscow to Tehran,” the Financial Times reported . The relationship goes both ways – with Iran reportedly giving Putin drone and missile parts for his war in Ukraine to strike civilians and frontline targets.

Tehran’s imports and exports have not only been suffocated through their southern ports – but also their land and air routes. Huge queues have been reported near Iran’s borders while cargo flights have been delayed as the US does everything it can to pile pressure on the regime’s neighbours . Advertisement Waiting times for trucks to cross the border between the town of Gürbulak in Turkey and Iran have increased fourfold compared to before the war, transport authorities say.

These factors have all pushed Tehran into a corner, with the regime relying on the Caspian Sea, the world’s biggest inland body of water, to keep itself afloat. Despite a ban on foreign military presences in the Caspian, Ukraine has taken measures into its own hands to slow the flow of Iranian drones destined for the frontline. In August, Ukraine confirmed it had struck and sunk a ship transporting Moscow-bound Shahed drone components.

Following the blitz – the first direct link between the wars in Iran and Ukraine – Tehran threatened to hit back. Advertisement The declarations sparked fears of World War Three as the regime vowed revenge. Ukraine has also been hit by cruise missiles launched by Russian warships from the Caspian Sea. Meanwhile, Kyiv has struck Russian off-shore oil fields and dozens of Putin’s warships in the waterway. Strikes on Tehran’s ships in the maritime flashpoint were also launched by Tel Aviv just weeks after the outbreak of the US-Israeli war with Iran.

“The balance of naval power in the Caspian, it is definitely shifting because of what Ukraine, but also what Israel has done to the Russian and the Iranian fleets respectively,” Coffey added. Advertisement “Israel and Ukraine have expanded these two separate wars into one sort of conjoined conflict meeting in the Caspian Sea.” Irvin said this increasing activity showed the waterway was becoming a “zone of war”. “The Caspian is now almost a zone of war, which is complicating some of the shipping networks between Russia and Iran,” he said.

To ensure frictionless trade between both regimes amid the threat of strikes, Moscow and Tehran have been repeatedly turning off automatic identification system (AIS) signals according to maritime data, a method known as “dark activity”. This under-the-radar technique makes it harder for the West to understand the true extent of the deepening bond between the two nations. Advertisement The Caspian has now become a symbol of .

Coffey said: “The Iranian and Russian cooperation, in addition to how China aligns with this and also North Korea , shows that there is an emerging axis against Western interests.” He highlighted one example of this located just north of the Caspian Sea – the Russian Yelabuga factory that builds drones designed by Iran with parts from China and constructed by workers from North Korea. But it has also sparked an urgent “naval arms race” between countries bordering the Caspian – due to the increased pressure to keep trade open.

RECOMMENDED STORIES Irvin said: “You’re seeing this increasing militarisation, and that puts a lot of the other countries that are ostensibly neutral in these conflicts, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, and Azerbaijan in a really difficult spot. Advertisement “We’re actually starting to see the emergence of a naval arms race in the Caspian as the Kazakhs, Azeris, and Turkmen acquire new assets, commission new ships as part of a general militarisation.” 1 comment 1

Read the original article on thesun.co.uk (opens in a new tab)
What we found (3)

The Sun puts the label "terror axis" on Iran in its headline, though nobody in the body uses the word, and in its own voice calls the Iran-Russia link the "Axis of Evil". Throughout, it calls Iran's government "the mullah regime" in its narration. The reporting of trade, the US blockade and Israeli and Ukrainian strikes is otherwise attributed and names who did what.

  1. Headline goes beyond the article

    Minor

    “Putin and Iran’s terror axis”

    Why this matters
    The headline calls the Iran-Russia relationship a "terror axis" as a plain fact in The Sun's own voice.
    The impression it gives
    The reader believes the article reports evidence that Iran and Russia form a terrorist alliance.
    The context
    The body never describes terrorism. Its sources speak of trade, sanctions evasion, weapons transfers and an axis "against Western interests". The word "terror" is the headline's addition and is not supported by anything the body reports.

    How we know

    • Elsewhere in the article“there is an emerging axis against Western interests”
    • Elsewhere in the article“using the Caspian Sea as a way to trade more with Russia”

    Show it in the article

  2. Uses a loaded word

    Minor

    “the growing Axis of Evil alliance against the West”

    Why this matters
    In its own narration The Sun calls Iran, Russia and their partners the "Axis of Evil", a moral verdict.
    The impression it gives
    The reader takes it as established fact that these governments form an evil alliance.
    The context
    The analyst quoted in the next sentence speaks only of "an emerging axis against Western interests". The word "Evil" is The Sun's own verdict, with no source attached.

    How we know

    • Elsewhere in the article“an emerging axis against Western interests”

    Show it in the article

    “a new terrifying axis”

    Why this matters
    The opening line calls the relationship "terrifying" in The Sun's own voice.
    The impression it gives
    The reader is told how to feel about a trade route before any facts are given.
    The context
    The facts that follow concern shipping routes, sanctions and arms transfers, and they come from sources quoted by name. "Terrifying" is the outlet's own emotional verdict, not a reported fact.

    Show it in the article

  3. Uses a loaded word

    Minor

    “keeping the mullah regime alive”

    Why this matters
    In its own narration The Sun calls Iran's government "the mullah regime" and gives the phrase no attribution.
    The impression it gives
    The reader absorbs a contemptuous label for Iran's government as neutral description.
    The context
    "Mullah regime" is a pejorative term, not a neutral name. A neutral report would say Iran's government.

    Show it in the article

    “The mullah regime is staying afloat”

    Why this matters
    The picture caption repeats the label "mullah regime", again in The Sun's own voice.
    The impression it gives
    Through repetition, the reader comes to treat the label as the ordinary name for Iran's government.
    The context
    No source in the article uses this phrase. It is the outlet's own label, repeated alongside "the regime" in other sentences such as S17 and S30.

    How we know

    • Elsewhere in the article“blockade of the regime’s southern ports”

    Show it in the article

Spot something we missed? Report this article

More from The Sun

  1. 14 OctMoment US helicopters blow up Iranian spy boat in huge blaze after sea mine sinks container ship carrying iPhones6.0
  2. 12 OctBurnham reveals RAF Fairford ‘bomb’ plot was ‘almost certainly’ directed by Iran’s fanatical Revolutionary Guards6.0
  3. 10 OctRAF Fairford ‘bomb’ plot was carried out by ‘low-level criminals being directed by Iran’, cops believe3.0
  4. 8 OctChilling Iranian plot to ‘blitz US bases in Germany with drones & kill troops’ revealed in secret intelligence briefing6.0
  5. 6 OctTrump pulled out bombers over fears of Iranian drone attack on RAF Fairford after ‘terror plot’, US officials say3.0

Everything we scored from The Sun